In this article, you will learn all about knee articulation arthrosis: what it is, why reasons arise, what are the manifestations at different stages.How to treat it, how to prevent a disease.
Knee joint arthrosis (gonarthrosis) is a degenerative pathology of the joint, in which the destruction of cartilage, damage to muscles and ligaments and bone deformation occurs.
The disease occurs mainly after 40 years (12-16% of people at this age are sick).Women get sick 2 times more often than men.Diseases are subject to athletes and people involved in heavy physical work.
Gonarthrosis develops gradually and is accompanied by the appearance of joint pain:
- Joint mobility decreases;
- The bone and cartilage grow, which interfere with the normal functioning of the joint.
Over time, this leads to the complete immobility of the joint.Without treatment, the disease leads to disability.
Conservative knee articulation therapy is possible only in the early stages of process development (1 and 2), it allows you to slow down, suspend the development of pathology.
With the progression of the disease, the treatment is only surgical.Completely (100%) to get rid of the pathology can only with endoprothetic - replacing knee joint.
The traumatologist-orthobedist and other doctors are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of knee joint arthrosis.According to the testimony, a rheumatologist appointment is assigned.Symptoms of the disease can also be detected by a sports doctor.
Causes of the disease and types
Depending on the factor that causes the disease, 2 varieties of knee arthrosis are distinguished:
Primary (idiopathic)
This type of arthrosis affects medium and elderly people.The initial stages are diagnosed after 40 years and, at the age of 70, gonarthrosis is detected in 60% of people.Often 2 joints are affected simultaneously.
Primary arthrosis occurs due to changes that occur in the body with age, deterioration in blood circulation and slowdown in metabolism.The risk of development increases with obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
Secondary form
Secondary - may appear in a person of any age and reach two joints at the same time and 1.
The reasons are:
- Strong leg loads.
- Ligament lesions, knee meniscus, intra -articular fractures.
- Diseases in which metabolic processes (parathyroid gland disorders, diabetes, hemochromatosis, Vilson's disease, gout, mucopolysaccharidosis and other diseases) are interrupted.
- Connective tissue diseases.
- Inflammatory pathologies (infectious and non -infectious synovitis and arthritis), hemophilia (a rare hereditary disease associated with impaired blood coagulation).
Then we will analyze in more detail what it is - Arthrosis of the knee joint, its degree, what changes begin in tissues during the pathology.
Symptoms and three stages of the disease
With the development of the disease, cartilage begins to become thinner due to strong cargo or lack of nutrients in it.This causes the bone friction for knee joint.
Erosion in bone tissue is formed as a protective reaction of the body - the formation of growth in it begins.All these factors lead to knee joint deformation and its limited mobility.
Symptoms of knee joint arthrosis in 3 steps:
| Internship | Clinical signs | Processes that occur at the Board |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Can flow asymptomatic Poyality on the knees in the morning, during squats, upon climbing the stairs, after long charges and hypothermies, it is possible Stiffness appears in the morning on the knees Sinovita can develop - an accumulation in the joint of a liquid, which should be removed using a puncture (a cavity puncture with a liquid and its fence) |
The surface of the cartilage becomes rough and dry Cracks and ulcerations are formed in it |
| 2 |
The pain appears even as a result of a slight load and becomes more pronounced with active walk The leg does not double, the joint interferes periodically The knee expands visually The risk of synovitis increases even more |
In response to the increase in joint loads, it seems to become flat The formation of osteophytes begins - bone growth Synovial fluid becomes thicker and less nutritious Destructive processes in cartilage are accelerated |
| 3 |
The pain assumes the chronic nature and pursuing the patient, even at rest Both total flexion and complete knee extension are impossible The volume of the joint increases Walking is difficult, many people start using crutches or a cane Valgo deformation of the legs (configuration of the legs in x) or varior deformation (leg -shaped configuration) may appear |
There is almost no cartilage fabric Bones are deformed and "pressured" in each other, which leads to limiting mobility at the joint |
Acute
Acute knee joint arthrosis is the moment when the disease progresses faster and manifested clinically.
They can lead to exacerbation:
- Very strong load in the joint;
- hypothermia;
- non -compliance with the prescribed diet;
- wound.
Sometimes gonarthrosis begins sharply, as if ignoring the first stage.This is possible due to knee injuries.
Diagnosis
If you notice a restriction in the morning or after a long session, as well as pain when descending the stairs or squat - this can be a sign of 1 stage of gonarthrosis.
To make a precise diagnosis, come to an appointment with a therapist who will direct him to an orthopedist or another doctor.
Before treating osteoarthritis or gonarthrosis, the doctor will conduct an initial examination and feeling of the joint and also direct to:
- Radiography - will help to evaluate the condition of the joint;
- Ultrasound - It will allow us to establish whether the concomitant inflammatory process is present.
Treatment Methods
With knee articulation arthrosis, its symptoms and treatment are interconnected, as many therapeutic measures are directed precisely to eliminate disturbing characteristics and improve the quality of human life.
Drug reception, diet and physical therapy exercises:
- Slow down more destructive processes in cartilage;
- Avoid the transition from the disease to a more neglected stage.
It is impossible to completely cure the disease, but you can suspend, slow the development of the pathology.
Diet
The goal of observing the diet is to slow down the additional progression of the disease.
What you need to add to the menu and what to delete:
| Useful products | Prohibited products |
|---|---|
| Rabbit, turkey, chicken, dairy, eggs (no more than 3 pieces a day and preferably without gems) - serve as sources of protein |
Great meat, sausages, sausages - lead to an increase in body weight, which creates an additional load in the joint and also prevents normal synovial fluid formation |
| Fish, especially red varieties, are rich in omega-3 |
Flour, candy, mayonnaise, fast food - products that contribute to an overweight set |
| Jelly, broth soldier, gelatin - contains chondroitin and collagen, which contribute to the formation of new cartilage tissues |
White cabbage, tomato, Bulgarian pepper, eggplant, according to some versions, contain substances that destroy collagen and chondroitin - “building bricks” for cartilage tissue However, some studies refute their damage to arthrosis |
| Rice, corn and sarracene wheat have complex carbohydrates that contribute to the formation of synovial fluid |
Egg yolks, cod liver - increase the risk of drop development |
| Cottage cheese, cheese - calcium sources |
Coffee - Body lenses for bones and calcium joints |
| Apples, broccoli, beans, pumpkin, zucchini, parsley, dill, cucumber, carrot, celery, spinach, cereals, thick, grapefall, papaya, almonds - the most useful products of the plant Saturated with substances that benefit the joints |
Alcohol - violates normal nutrient and metabolic processes in the joints |
| Water (1.5 to 2 liters per day) - helps normalize metabolism in body and joints in particular Juices (those fruits and vegetables listed above) |
Salt - can lead to exacerbation |
Physical training
If you have developed knee arthrosis, medical exercises should become daily.Special exercises help stimulate blood circulation in the joint, which will prevent other destructive processes in cartilage.Physical Physical Education will also increase the mobility of the affected knee and prevent pain.However, any gymnastics is against -Indicated in the acute course of the disease.
Therapeutic Gymnastics for Dr. Evdokimenko's knee joints
The purpose of this therapeutic gymnastics complex is to force the muscles surrounding the joint without carrying it.Gymnastics according to Evdokimenko's method shows very good results with knee joint arthrosis.
Exercises:
- Lie yourself in the stomach, straighten your legs, the arms in the seams.Lift above the ground at a height of 15 cm with straight leg, tighten the buttocks and thigh muscles.Hold this position of the foot for 30-40 seconds.Lower.Repeat the movement with each foot once.
- Raise the straight leg above the floor at 15 cm, keep it for 1-3 seconds.Return to your original position (IP).Make 10-12 repetitions for each leg.
- Fold the knee 90 degrees.Raise your leg folded at a height of 10 cm from the floor and hold it for 30 to 40 seconds.Make this movement with each foot once.Then repeat the same exercise, but with a delay in each leg for 1-3 seconds.Perform 10 to 12 repetitions of each leg.
- Lift two straight legs above the floor at 10 to 15 cm.Dilute them sideways and take them back.Without lowering your legs on the floor, make movements 8 times.In this case, the thigh muscles should work as much as possible.
- Lie down on the side.Fold the lower leg in the knee.Leave the top straight, raise 45 degrees above the floor.Hold it this way for 30-40 seconds.Do an exercise in 1 time on each leg.
- Feels in a chair.Raise the maximum set in the knee.Keep it for 30 seconds.Raise each leg 2-4 times.
- Stand up.Tilt into the back of the chair.Stay in the socks.Lying for 30-60 seconds.Return to IP.
- Stay in the socks, take it in this position for 1-3 seconds.Return to IP.Repeat movement 10-12 times.
- Put the right foot on the floor.Stay in the left leg sock.Gently climb the sock with your right foot and lower the left heel on the floor.Wrap like this 10-12 times.
This author's physical education is more intensity than the previous one.It is possible only in the first signs of gonarthrosis.Before you start doing this alone, consult your doctor.
If you feel intense pain when performing movements, stop it immediately.
Surgical methods
As it is impossible to cure knee articulation arthrosis with completely conservative methods, in severe cases, doctors resort to operational methods.
One of the most effective endoprothetic of the knee joint, that is, replacing the friction surfaces of the artificial joint.
The recovery period after the endoprothetic is 3 to 6 months.
Such surgical interventions are also performed:
- Arthroplasty - Plastic Surgery to restore normal joint structure;
- Corrective osteotomy - The correction of the deformations of Valgo or Varus of the legs, which can occur with advanced forms of arthrosis.
Popular remedies
Household manufacturing products can serve as a wonderful addition to traditional therapy.
However, before treating knee articulation arthrosis using folkloric medicines, consult your doctor, because some natural ingredients may be against -indications or not combined with the medications you have prescribed.
Here are some effective recipes, time tests:
- Meat hooves and a knee - contribute to the restoration of the cartilage.Boil them for several hours.Drink 100 ml broth before each meal.
- Honey, apple vinegar - relieve swelling and pain.Mix the components in the ratio of 3 to 1. At night, do compresses, request 30 minutes.
- Jerusalem's artichoke - helps alleviate a pain attack.Pour 350 g of crushed leaves and Topnamic stems 2 l of boiling water.Cool to room temperature.Moisten a gauze bandage in the infusion and place a painful joint.
Prevention
Preventive measures are very simple:
- Involve yourself in physical education, but do not overwhelm your knees.Never work on the asphalt.Special paths or primer are suitable for running.
- Avoid knee injuries or treat them in time.For bruises and sprains, contact the traumatologist immediately and follow all your recommendations.
- Eat properly.
- Refuse bad habits.
Forecast
Arthrosis is a disease that cannot be completely healed by conservative methods.
However, do not despair.Provided to comply with all the doctor's recommendations, you can avoid complications, relieve pain and improve the amplitude of joint movements.
Do not postpone the visit to the expert, as in the later internships the disease can lead to leg deformations and disability.Modern medicine treats them quickly.